Inheritance and transgressive variability of the number of grains per ear in F1 – F2 soft spring wheat

The research was conducted in the experimental field of Bila Tserkva NAU with reciprocal F1 – F2 hybrids obtained from crossing modern soft spring wheat varieties different genealogical origin: Elehiia Myronivska, Simkoda Struna Kollektyvna 3, Heroinya, Leguan, Azhurnaia. standard variety Myronivska. program included study nature inheritance number grains main spike and establishment degree frequency transgressions order to identify valuable breeding material for this trait. According trait "number per ear", we identified hybrid combinations high performance: Myronivska/Simkoda Myronivska (52.7 pcs.) Myronivska/Elehiia (51.8 pcs.). It found that ear studied type positive superdominance, dominance direct crosses range +1, 9 combination Myronivska/Heroinya +87.0 Myronivska/Leguan, it ranged +3.4 Myronivska/Struna +62.3 Leguan/Struna smallest variability is characterized by Myronovska/Azhurnaia (15 a variance index 27.1. Indicators coefficients variation characterize as an active formative process on basis ear". In transgressive forms were Heroinya/Struna Mironovska 3/Struna transgression which 51.4, 45.6 39.4 % at 68.1, 38.6 14.4 %, respectively. has been proved results can increase diversity gene pool provide selection material. Key words: wheat, ear, inheritance, variability, transgressions, adaptability, productivity.